Taking place on the Pacific island of Iwo Jima between February 19 and March 26, 1945, the Battle of Iwo Jima was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan. U.S. Marines engaged in fierce fighting as they attempted to seize the island’s strategically vital airfields.

Because of the island’s strategic importance, the Japanese defenders dug sophisticated tunnels and constructed strong defensive positions, culminating in a drawn-out and bloody battle. A mark of courage and resolve, the now-iconic photo shows Marines hoisting the American flag atop Mount Suribachi.

The victory allowed the United States to create vital airbases for long-range bombers, which had a devastating effect on Japan’s war effort. However, tremendous losses were sustained by both sides during the combat.

The Battle of Iwo Jima is a grim reminder of the tremendous cost of war and a moving tribute to the bravery of warriors on both sides. It also shows how difficult it can be for fortified defenders to withstand determined attacks on islands.